精确饱和模型引导的SAR饱和干扰抑制方法

段伦豪; 陆星宇; 谭珂; 刘宇双; 杨建超; 余静; 顾红

doi:10.11999/JEIT251283

精确饱和模型引导的SAR饱和干扰抑制方法

doi: 10.11999/JEIT251283 cstr: 32379.14.JEIT251283

南京理工大学电子工程与光电技术学院南京 210094

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(62101260, 62001229, 62101264)

详细信息

作者简介:
段伦豪：男，博士生，研究方向为SAR干扰抑制以及干扰检测

陆星宇：男，副教授，研究方向为SAR干扰抑制，SAR辐射源定位以及SAR干扰检测

谭珂：女，副教授，研究方向为雷达前视成像与雷达信号处理

刘宇双：女，硕士生，研究方向为SAR干扰抑制

杨建超：男，副教授，研究方向为雷达成像与MIMO雷达信号处理

余静：女，硕士生，研究方向为SAR干扰信号参数估计

顾红：男，教授，研究方向为雷达信号处理

通讯作者:
谭珂　tank@njust.edu.cn

中图分类号: TN974
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-12-03
- 修回日期: 2026-01-30
- 录用日期: 2026-01-30
- 网络出版日期: 2026-02-14

SAR Saturated Interference Suppression Method Guided by Precise Saturation Model

School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (62101260, 62001229, 62101264)

摘要

摘要: 合成孔径雷达(SAR)极易受到射频干扰(RFI)的影响。相关学者针对SAR干扰抑制已经开展了深入的研究，并提出了一系列干扰抑制算法。然而，目前大多数算法并未考虑到SAR接收机发生饱和的影响。实际上，当干扰功率较大时，SAR接收机非常容易发生饱和，使受干扰回波产生非线性畸变，导致饱和干扰与当前干扰抑制算法的模型失配。目前仍缺少能够精确描述饱和受干扰回波特性的数学模型以及饱和干扰抑制方法。为此，该文首先提出了精确饱和干扰分析模型，并验证了该模型在分析饱和干扰幅相信息时的准确性。基于该模型，提出了一种能有效缓解饱和干扰的抑制方法。首先，基于干扰基波大功率特性通过特征子空间分解来提取基波；然后，利用谐波与基波的相位关系，构建涵盖目标回波、干扰基波、干扰谐波以及互调谐波的综合完备字典；最后求解稀疏优化问题，完成饱和干扰的分离与抑制。通过实测数据验证，并与其他抑制方法进行对比，验证了所提方法在应对饱和干扰时的有效性。
- 合成孔径雷达 /
- 饱和干扰 /
- 饱和模型 /
- 干扰抑制
Abstract: Objective With the increasing number of electromagnetic devices, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is highly vulnerable to Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) in the same frequency band. RFI will appear as bright streaks in SAR images, seriously degrading the image quality. Currently, relevant scholars have conducted in-depth research on interference suppression and proposed many effective interference suppression methods. However, most methods fail to consider the nonlinear saturation of interfered echoes. In practical scenarios, due to the generally high power of interference, the gain controller in the SAR receiver struggles to effectively adjust the amplitude of the interfered echoes. This causes the input signal amplitude of the Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) to exceed its dynamic range, thus driving the SAR receiver into saturation and eventually leading to nonlinear distortion in the interfered echoes. This phenomenon is commonly observed in SAR systems, with documented cases of receiver saturation in the LuTan-1 satellite and various airborne SAR platforms. Analysis of SAR data further confirms the presence of saturated interference in systems including Sentinel-1, Gaofen-3, and several other spaceborne SAR platforms. Following saturation, the echo spectrum exhibits various spurious components and spectral artifacts, which leads to a mismatch between existing suppression methods and the actual characteristics of saturated interference. Therefore, some of the existing interference suppression methods have difficulty effectively mitigating this type of saturated interference. Moreover, there is currently a lack of accurate models capable of precisely characterizing the output components of saturated interfered echoes. To address these issues, this paper introduces a precise saturated interference analytical model and, based on this model, further proposes an effective saturated interference suppression method. Methods Through the processing of the basic saturation model, this paper first establishes a mathematical model capable of accurately characterizing the output components of saturated interference. Furthermore, the model's accuracy in amplitude and phase characterization was validated through simulation, and a comprehensive analysis was conducted on various output components of the interfered echoes under saturation conditions. Compared with the one-bit sampling model and the traditional tanh saturation model, the model proposed achieves higher accuracy in describing amplitude information. In addition, it is not limited to the sampling bit width of ADCs and can theoretically be extended to the saturation output description of other types of radar receivers. Based on the finding that harmonic phases can be expressed as a linear combination of the phases of the original signal components, and leveraging the high-power characteristic of the interference fundamental harmonic, a saturated interference suppression method is proposed. First, given the relatively high power of the interference fundamental harmonic, it can be effectively extracted through eigen-subspace decomposition; then, by leveraging the harmonic phase relationships together with the extracted interference fundamental harmonic and the SAR transmitted signal, interference harmonics—including higher-order interference harmonics, target harmonics, and intermodulation harmonics—are systematically constructed, thus forming a complete dictionary; finally, a sparse optimization problem is solved to achieve the separation and suppression of saturated interference. The superiority and effectiveness of the proposed method are validated using Gaofen-3 measured data. Results and Discussions This paper conducted experiments on both simulated and measured data to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in mitigating saturated interference. For the simulated data, the proposed method completely removes interference stripes in the SAR image (Fig. 7). Analysis of the time-frequency spectrum of the processed echoes (Fig. 8 and Fig. 9) shows that traditional methods struggle to eliminate higher-order harmonics. As a result, the proposed approach improves the TBR by 1.76 dB and achieves the lowest RMSE of 0.0783 (Table 3). For the measured data from Gaofen-3, analysis of the processed images and time-frequency spectra of echoes confirms the proposed method's effective interference suppression capability, whereas conventional approaches consistently exhibit residual interference issues (Fig. 10 and Fig. 11). Conclusions With the increasing deployment of electromagnetic devices, SAR has become highly susceptible to in-band interference. Furthermore, high-power interference can easily drive the SAR receiver into saturation, resulting in nonlinear distortion that renders traditional interference suppression methods ineffective against saturated interference. To address this challenge, this paper establishes a model capable of precisely characterizing the saturated output components of interfered echoes. Based on this model, an interference suppression method capable of effectively dealing with saturated interference is proposed. Simulation and experiment demonstrate that the model accurately characterizes saturation behavior and that the method effectively suppresses saturated interference.
- Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) /
- Saturated interference /
- Saturation model /
- Interference suppression

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图 1 星载SAR实测受饱和干扰案例

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图 2 饱和前后仿真结果图3 谐波对消结果

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图 3 谐波对消结果

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图 4 实验结果

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图 5 饱和干扰抑制流程图

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图 6 收敛效率曲线

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图 7 基于不同干扰抑制算法的结果对比

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图 8 饱和干扰处理结果分析(LFM干扰实验)

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图 9 饱和干扰处理结果分析(NFM干扰实验)

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图 10 实测数据验证结果

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图 11 实测数据处理结果对比

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表 1 实验参数设置

参数名称	参数值	目标参数名称	参数值	干扰参数名称	参数值
雷达工作频率	5GHz	信号形式	线性调频信号	信号形式	噪声调频信号
系统采样率	40MHz	脉宽	10 $ \text{μs} $	脉宽	10 $ \text{μs} $
系统ADC位数	16bit	带宽	2 MHz	带宽	3 MHz
		中心频率	0MHz	中心频率	0MHz

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表 2 仿真实验参数设置

参数名称	参数值	参数名称	参数值	参数名称	参数值
雷达工作频率	5.300 GHz	LFM干扰载频	5.297GHz	NFM干扰载频	5.310GHz
系统采样率	32.317 MHz	LFM干扰脉宽	11 $ \text{μs} $	NFM干扰脉宽	9 $ \text{μs} $
脉冲重复频率	1256.98 Hz	LFM干扰带宽	3 MHz	NFM干扰带宽	10 MHz
发射信号带宽	30.116 MHz	饱和系数	0.8	饱和系数	0.6

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表 3 不同干扰抑制方法指标对比

干扰类型	指标	所提方法	改进的ESP方法	时频陷波方法	传统饱和干扰抑制方法
LFM干扰	TBR(dB)	11.5913	9.8282	8.6264	10.1765
	RMSE	0.0783	0.1282	0.1688	0.1304
	ISR	0.7736	0.7688	0.7640	0.7673
NFM干扰	TBR(dB)	9.9470	8.1746	3.5580	3.5839
	RMSE	0.1187	0.1858	0.4510	0.4190
	ISR	0.7028	0.6939	0.6497	0.6563

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表 4 不同干扰抑制方法指标对比

指标	所提方法	改进的ESP方法	时频陷波方法	传统饱和干扰抑制方法
ISR	0.0873	0.0818	0.0763	0.0794

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