通过遗传算法优化和低成本CNC制造实现跨频带隐身的全金属超表面

张明; 张娜娇; 李佳磊; 李康; VazgenVazgen; 杨琳; 侯卫民

doi:10.11999/JEIT251080

通过遗传算法优化和低成本CNC制造实现跨频带隐身的全金属超表面

doi: 10.11999/JEIT251080 cstr: 32379.14.JEIT251080

张明¹,
张娜娇^{1, 2},
李佳磊¹,
李康³,
VazgenVazgen⁴,
杨琳¹,
侯卫民^1, ,

1.
河北科技大学信息科学与工程学院石家庄 050018
2.
南开大学智能光子研究院天津 300071
3.
西安电子科技大学集成电路学院西安 710003
4.
亚美尼亚国立理工大学微电子电路与系统中心埃里温，亚美尼亚 0009

基金项目: 科技部国家重点研发计划(编号2022YFB4400400)，国家自然科学基金(编号62105093, 62441401)，国家重点实验室基础科学研究创新基金(IFN20230113)，河北省重大科技支撑项目(24290201Z)，河北省教育厅青年拔尖人才项目(BJK2023036)

详细信息

作者简介:
张明：男，副教授，研究方向为电磁超表面器件、电磁隐身材料

张娜娇：女，博士生，研究方向为光电子器件

李佳磊：男，硕士生，研究方向为电磁隐身材料智能设计

李康：男，教授，研究方向为毫米波功率器件和太赫兹器件

VazgenVazgen：男，教授，研究方向为微电子电路

杨琳：女，副教授，研究方向为微波毫米波集成电路、无线通信射频前端芯片

侯卫民：男，教授，阵列信号处理、无线通信

通讯作者:
侯卫民　hwm@hebust.edu.cn

中图分类号: TN828.4; TN26
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出版历程
- 修回日期: 2026-01-30
- 录用日期: 2026-01-30
- 网络出版日期: 2026-02-14

Genetic-Algorithm-Optimized All-Metal Metasurface for Cross-Band Stealth via Low-cost CNC Fabrication

1.
School of Information Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
2.
Institute of Intelligent Photonics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
3.
Faculty of Integrated Circuit, Xidian University, Xi’an 710003, China
4.
Department of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, National Polytechnic University of Armenian, Yerevan 0009, Armenia

Funds: National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2022YFB4400400), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.62105093 and 62441401), National Key Laboratory of Basic Scientific Research for Innovation Fund (No. IFN20230113), the Major Science and Technology Support Project of Hebei Province (No.24290201Z), Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department (No. BJK2023036)

摘要

摘要: 本文通过单一材料平台集成宽带微波散射(7.4 GHz带宽)与被动红外抑制，为跨波段隐身提供了一种解决方案，克服了传统隐身材料同时兼顾微波吸收与热管理之间的设计挑战。本文提出了一种新型全金属随机编码超表面，实现了跨波段隐身功能，兼具微波频段雷达散射截面(radar cross-section, RCS)缩减和红外隐身效果。该超表面整体采用铜结构，通过计算机数控加工制造，相比传统复合材料设计，消除了界面脱层的风险。同时，其单一材料构造使其能够同时调控微波散射特性和红外辐射特性。该结构通过遗传算法优化相位分布后，在11–18.4 GHz频段(73%带宽)内实现了超过10 dB的RCS缩减，在14.7 GHz频点处的最大抑制效果超过15 dB，相关结果已通过仿真和微波暗室测试验证。该全金属结构在8–14 μm红外波段展现出超过99.9%的红外反射率，且通过商业红外成像仪热成像实验证实其被动红外隐身能力，显示出在多光谱隐身应用中的潜力。所制造的CNC原型结构尺寸为150×150 mm²，包含10×10的单元阵列，在最大达60°的线极化斜入射角下仍保持良好的结构稳定性，验证了其在贴合式应用中推广的可行性。
- 编码超表面 /
- 跨波段隐身 /
- 逆向设计 /
- 低成本制造
Abstract: Objective Traditional electromagnetic stealth materials face the practical challenge of simultaneously achieving both microwave absorption and infrared stealth, while conventional solutions (geometric optimization, multi-layer composite coatings) have drawbacks like narrowband operation, complex fabrication, and poor cross-band compatibility. This study aims to propose a genetic algorithm-optimized all-metal random coding metasurface, which enables concurrent broadband radar cross section (RCS) reduction and low infrared emissivity on a monolithic metallic platform, thus addressing the above implementation hurdles. Methods We employ monolithic all-metal C-shaped resonant units (based on the Pancharatnam–Berry (几何) geometric phase, with reflection phase regulated by rotation angle), and design 2/3/4-bit coding (corresponding to 4/8/16 discrete phase states). A MATLAB-CST co-simulation framework is established (CST extracts unit responses via the finite element method (FEM), while MATLAB uses a genetic algorithm to optimize phase distribution for scattering energy diffusion). All-metal metasurface prototypes (150×150 mm², 10×10 array) are fabricated via computer numerical control (CNC) cutting processing. Results and Discussions Genetic algorithm optimization converges within 6–8 generations, and increased coding bits enhance phase randomness. The 4-bit metasurface achieves an average 10 dB RCS reduction over 11–18.4 GHz, with consistent simulation and anechoic chamber measurement results under 0–60° oblique incidence. Infrared imaging verifies its low emissivity. Compared with traditional composite/multi-layer structures, the all-metal design simplifies fabrication, avoids interfacial mismatches, and ensures structural stability, exhibiting broadband, wide-angle, and cross-band stealth performance. Conclusions This study presents a genetic algorithm-optimized all-metal random coding metasurface that achieves cross-band stealth compatibility for the first time, overcoming the long-standing challenge of concurrently realizing both microwave performance and thermal management in conventional stealth materials. The work advances the field through three key innovations: 1) The monolithic copper structure enables >99.9% infrared reflectivity (8–14 μm band, via FLIR imaging) and an average 10 dB RCS reduction over 11–18.4 GHz; 2) The single-material design eliminates delamination risks, and the CNC-fabricated prototype maintains structural integrity under 60° oblique incidence, reducing fabrication costs by ～78% compared to lithography; 3) The co-simulation framework converges in 8 generations (for 4-bit coding), enabling 7.4 GHz broadband scattering manipulation. This metasurface combines fabrication reliability, cost-effectiveness, and dual-band performance, laying critical groundwork for large-scale deployment in military stealth systems and satellite platforms where multispectral concealment and durability are paramount.
- Coding metasurface /
- Cross-Band Stealth /
- Inverse design /
- Low-cost fabrication

HTML全文

图 1 超表面的编码单元与相位分布图

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图 2 编码超表面的设计流程

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图 3 编码超表面的几何结构及其反射特性

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图 4 单元结构的电磁特性模拟结果

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图 5 不同参数下谐振环交叉偏振反射的仿真结果

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图 6 编码超表面仿真结果的相位分布、算法迭代过程及二维、三维远场散射图。第1列为不同编码超表面的相位分布；第2列为不同编码超表面的算法迭代过程；第3列为14.7 GHz 下不同编码超表面的二维散射图；第4列为 14.7 GHz 下不同编码超表面的三维远场散射图

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图 7 编码超表面仿真结果的RCS缩减及阵列分布

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图 8 基于 CNC 切割工艺的超表面器件制备流程示意图

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图 9 样品、实验装置及实验结果

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表 1 本工作的对比参考文献

文献	相对带宽	RCS缩减带宽(GHz)	最大RCS缩减效果	结构类型	入射角度	是否跨波段
[36]	31.25%	5.4–7.4	20 dB	MIM	0–45	否
[37]	9.09%	10.5–11.5	13 dB	MIM	NO	否
[38]	28.32%	6.94–9.23	35.5 dB	MIM	0–40	否
[39]	31.31%	9.26–12.87/	19.4 dB	MIM	NO	否
[40]	35.46%	14.84–19.35	/	ITO/I/ITO	NO	是
[41]	11.58%	5.8–8.3	About 19dB	IR-ECD	NO	是
本工作	32.18%	11–18.4	15 dB	All-Metal	0–60	是

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参考文献(41)

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