方向调制多载波通感一体化波形设计研究

黄高见; 张盛壮; 丁元; 廖可非; 金双根; 李兴旺; 欧阳缮

doi:10.11999/JEIT250680

方向调制多载波通感一体化波形设计研究

doi: 10.11999/JEIT250680 cstr: 32379.14.JEIT250680

黄高见^{1, 2, ,},
张盛壮¹,
丁元³,
廖可非⁴,
金双根²,
李兴旺¹,
欧阳缮⁴

1.
河南理工大学物理与电子信息学院焦作 454003
2.
河南理工大学测绘与国土信息工程学院焦作 454003
3.
Institute of Sensors, Signals and Systems, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS
4.
桂林电子科技大学信息与通信学院桂林 541004

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(62571182)，中国博士后面上项目(2024M750801)，河南理工大学河南省光电检测与传感集成工程技术研究中心开放课题(KF202505)，河南省科技攻关项目(252102211118)，测绘科学与技术“双一流”学科创建项目高层次研究课题培育项目(GCCYJ202408)，测绘与信息工程学院双一流测绘学科优秀博士、硕士论文发展基金项目(SYSB202506)

详细信息

作者简介:
黄高见：男，讲师，研究方向为通感一体化、阵列信号处理、物理层安全通信等

张盛壮：男，硕士生，研究方向为通感一体化

丁元：男，副教授，研究方向为天线阵列、物理层安全

廖可非：男，教授，研究方向为雷达成像、RCS测量、认知雷达等

金双根：男，教授，研究方向为卫星导航定位技术等

李兴旺：男，副教授，研究方向为无线通信、新一代宽带移动通信系统的新理论及技术

欧阳缮：男，教授，研究方向为雷达信号处理、通信信号处理

通讯作者:
黄高见　g.huang@hpu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TN911
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-07-21
- 修回日期: 2025-10-25
- 网络出版日期: 2025-11-04

Research on Directional Modulation Multi-carrier Waveform Design for Integrated Sensing and Communication

1.
School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
2.
School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
3.
Institute of Sensors, Signals and Systems (ISSS), Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
4.
School of Information and Communications, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (62571182), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2024M750801), The Opening Project of Henan Province Engineering Technology Research Center for Photoelectric Detection and Sensing Integration, Henan Polytechnic University (KF202505), Henan Scientific and Technological Research Project (252102211118), The Surveying and Mapping Science and Technology Double First-Class Discipline Establishment Project for Nurturing High-level Research Topics (GCCYJ202408), The Faculty of Surveying and Information Engineering Double First-Class Mapping Discipline Outstanding Doctoral and Master’s Thesis Development Fund Project (SYSB202506)

摘要

摘要: 通感一体化(ISAC)利用一种波形实现雷达感知与无线通信两种功能，能够消除雷达与通信电磁互扰，显著提高频谱效率、信息交互效率，已经成为6G潜在关键技术。目前，如何设计ISAC信号波形成为一体化设计广泛研究重点。方向调制(DM)一体化信号波形，因其独特的信号设计特点，能够在一体化信号设计种呈现出天然优势。该文从DM技术出发，介绍DM一体化波形设计理论、优势及挑战，并提出多载波DM一体化信号波形旁瓣干扰抑制机理，分析DM一体化波形参数对安全通信及雷达感知性能影响，为一体化波形在复杂环境中的安全、抗干扰需求设计提供新思路。
- 通感一体化 /
- 方向调制 /
- 物理层安全 /
- 旁瓣干扰抑制
Abstract: Objective With the concurrent evolution of wireless communication and radar technologies, spectrum congestion has become increasingly severe. Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) has emerged as an effective approach that unifies sensing and communication functionalities to achieve efficient spectrum and hardware sharing. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) signals are regarded as a key candidate waveform due to their high flexibility. However, estimating target azimuth angles and suppressing interference from non-target directions remain computationally demanding, and confidential information transmitted in these directions is vulnerable to eavesdropping. To address these challenges, the combination of Directional Modulation (DM) and OFDM, termed OFDM-DM, provides a promising solution. This approach enables secure communication toward the desired direction, suppresses interference in other directions, and reduces radar signal processing complexity. The potential of OFDM-DM for interference suppression and secure waveform design is investigated in this study. Methods As a physical-layer security technique, DM is used to preserve signal integrity in the intended direction while deliberately distorting signals in other directions. Based on this principle, an OFDM-DM ISAC waveform is developed to enable secure communication toward the target direction while simultaneously estimating distance, velocity, and azimuth angle. The proposed waveform has two main advantages: the Bit Error Rate (BER) at the radar receiver is employed for simple and adjustable azimuth estimation, and interference from non-target directions is suppressed without additional computational cost. The waveform maintains the OFDM constellation in the target direction while distorting constellation points elsewhere, which reduces correlation with the original signal and enhances target detection through time-domain correlation. Moreover, because element-wise complex division in the Two-Dimensional Fast Fourier Transform (2-D FFT) depends on signal integrity, phase distortion in signals from non-target directions disrupts phase relationships and further diminishes the positional information of interference sources. Results and Discussions In the OFDM-DM ISAC system, the transmitted signal retains its communication structure within the target beam, whereas constellation distortion occurs in other directions. Therefore, the BER at the radar receiver exhibits a pronounced main lobe in the target direction, enabling accurate azimuth estimation (Fig. 5). In the time-domain correlation algorithm, the target distance is precisely determined, while correlation in non-target directions deteriorates markedly due to DM, thereby achieving effective interference suppression (Fig. 6). Additionally, during 2-D FFT processing, signal distortion disrupts the linear phase relationship among modulation symbols in non-target directions, causing conventional two-dimensional spectral estimation to fail and further suppressing positional information of interference sources (Fig. 7). Additional simulations yield one-dimensional range and velocity profiles (Fig. 8). The results demonstrate that the OFDM-DM ISAC waveform provides structural flexibility, physical-layer security, and low computational complexity, making it particularly suitable for environments requiring high security or operating under strong interference conditions. Conclusions This study proposes an OFDM-DM ISAC waveform and systematically analyzes its advantages in both sensing and communication. The proposed waveform inherently suppresses interference from non-target directions, eliminating target ambiguity commonly encountered in traditional ISAC systems and thereby enhancing sensing accuracy. Owing to the spatial selectivity of DM, only legitimate directions can correctly demodulate information, whereas unintended directions fail to recover valid data, achieving intrinsic physical-layer security. Compared with existing methods, the proposed waveform simultaneously attains secure communication and interference suppression without additional computational burden, offering a lightweight and high-performance solution suitable for resource-constrained platforms. Therefore, the OFDM-DM ISAC waveform enables high-precision sensing while maintaining communication security and hardware feasibility, providing new insights for multi-carrier ISAC waveform design.
- Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) /
- Directional Modulation (DM) /
- Physical layer security /
- Sidelobe interference suppression

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图 1 近场直接天线调制信号星座示意图^[30]

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图 2 通用模拟和数字DM发射机架构

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图 3 TMA OFDM-DM合成网络与U_n(t)波形示意图

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图 4 OFDM-DM ISAC应用场景以及系统架构

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图 5 OFDM-DM ISAC与OFDM ISAC方案BER对比

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图 6 时域相关算法下OFDM和OFDM-DM ISAC的雷达距离剖面图

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图 7 2-D FFT方法获得的目标距离-相对速度二维雷达像

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图 8 2-D FFT方法获得的目标距离-相对速度雷达像剖面图

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表 1 ISAC波形设计方法的分类与比较

一体化波形分类	典型波形	优点	缺点
基于雷达信号	LFM	波形恒模、大带宽	通信数据速率低
基于通信信号	扩频	发射功率容忍度高、多址通信	测速计算量大
	OFDM	抗多径干扰能力强、频谱利用率高、易于实现	高速场景下多普勒容忍差
	OTFS	适用于高速场景	复杂度高
基于雷达-通信联合设计	设计新型波形	雷达和通信性能折中	复杂度高，硬件实现复杂

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表 2 典型DM合成方法分类与比较

合成方式	天线类型	贡献	参考文献
基于可重构天线阵列的设计方法	近场直接天线调制	引入了方向性安全传输的概念	[30]
基于可重构天线激励的设计方法	相控阵	使用相控阵合成DM波形	[31]
基于可重构天线激励的设计方法	相控阵	方向调制的矢量表示，正交矢量法	[29]
自由合成的设计方法	方向回溯天线	多径接收	[32]
	傅立叶罗特曼透镜	实时数据传输，双波束独立传输信息	[33]
	TMA	OFDM-DM	[34]

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参考文献(34)

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