基于轨道角动量的无线供能NOMA通信系统设计与优化

陈瑞瑞; 陈雨; 冉佳乐; 孙彦景; 李松

doi:10.11999/JEIT250634

基于轨道角动量的无线供能NOMA通信系统设计与优化

doi: 10.11999/JEIT250634 cstr: 32379.14.JEIT250634

1.
中国矿业大学信息与控制工程学院徐州 221116
2.
中国矿业大学计算机科学与技术学院徐州 221116

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(62441115)，船舶领域重大项目(CBG01N23-01-04)，海南省省属科研院所技术创新项目(KYYSGY2024-002,KYYSGY2024-005)

详细信息

作者简介:
陈瑞瑞：男，讲师，研究方向为OAM通信、NOMA通信和无人机通信

陈雨：女，硕士生，研究方向为OAM通信和NOMA通信

冉佳乐：男，硕士生，研究方向为OAM通信和NOMA通信

孙彦景：男，教授，院长，研究方向为无人机通信、应急通信和工业物联网

李松：男，副教授，研究方向为边缘计算和通感一体化通信

通讯作者:
陈瑞瑞，　rrchen@cumt.edu.cn

中图分类号: TN929.5
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- 文章访问数: 20
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-07-04
- 修回日期: 2025-10-27
- 网络出版日期: 2025-10-31

Design and Optimization for Orbital Angular Momentum–based wireless-powered Noma Communication System

1.
School of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
2.
School of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (62441115), Major Project in Shipbuilding Industry (CBG01N23-01-04), Project of Technical Innovation of Hainan Scientific Research Institutes (KYYSGY2024-002, KYYSGY2024-005)

摘要

摘要: 视距信道是实现高效无线供能NOMA通信的必要条件，然而其强相关性将严重限制空间自由度，导致传统空间复用技术难以获得容量增益。利用新维度的轨道角动量(Orbital Angular Momentum, OAM)，该文设计了基于OAM的无线供能NOMA通信系统，其可以通过模态复用独立传输多路信息从而在视距信道下显著提高通信容量。通过转化收集能量为信息上传的可实现容量，该文在通信容量和收集能量的阈值约束下构建了系统的总容量最大化问题。然后，将系统总容量最大化问题分解为两个子问题，推导了最优功率分割因子的闭式表达式，并利用次梯度方法获得了最优的功率分配。仿真结果表明，与传统无线通信系统相比，所提出的基于OAM的无线供能NOMA通信系统能够有效提高容量性能。
- 轨道角动量 /
- 无线供能 /
- NOMA /
- 容量
Abstract: Objective The Internet of Things (IoT) requires not only interconnection among devices but also seamless connectivity among users, information, and things. Ensuring stable operation and extending the lifespan of IoT Devices (IDs) through continuous power supply have become urgent challenges in IoT-driven Sixth-Generation (6G) communications. Radio Frequency (RF) signals can simultaneously transmit information and energy, forming the basis for Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT). Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA), a key technology in Fifth-Generation (5G) communications, enables multiple users to share the same time and frequency resources. Efficient wireless-powered NOMA communication requires a Line-of-Sight (LoS) channel. However, the strong correlation in LoS channels severely limits the degree of freedom, making it difficult for conventional spatial multiplexing to achieve capacity gains. To address this limitation, this study designs an Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM)-based wireless-powered NOMA communication system. By exploiting OAM mode multiplexing, multiple data streams can be transmitted independently through orthogonal OAM modes, thereby significantly enhancing communication capacity in LoS channels. Methods The OAM-based wireless-powered NOMA communication system is designed to enable simultaneous energy transfer and multi-channel information transmission for IDs under LoS conditions. Under the constraints of the communication capacity threshold and the harvested energy threshold, this study formulates a sum-capacity maximization problem by converting harvested energy into the achievable uplink information capacity. The optimization problem is decomposed into two subproblems. A closed-form expression for the optimal Power-Splitting (PS) factor is derived, and the optimal power allocation is obtained using the subgradient method. The transmitting Uniform Circular Array (UCA) employs the Movable Antenna (MA) technique to adjust both position and array angle. To maintain system performance under typical parallel misalignment conditions, a beam-steering method is investigated. Results and Discussions Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed OAM-based wireless-powered NOMA communication system effectively enhances capacity performance compared with conventional wireless communication systems. As the OAM mode increases, the sum capacity of the ID decreases. This occurs because higher OAM modes exhibit stronger hollow divergence characteristics, resulting in greater energy attenuation of the received OAM signals (Fig. 3). The sum capacity of the ID increases with the PS factor (Fig. 4). However, as the harvested energy threshold increases, the system’s sum capacity decreases (Fig. 5). When the communication capacity threshold increases, the sum capacity first rises and then gradually declines (Fig. 6). In power allocation optimization, allocating more power to the ID with the best channel condition further improves the total system capacity. Conclusions To enhance communication capacity under LoS conditions, this study designs an OAM-based wireless-powered NOMA communication system that employs mode multiplexing to achieve independent multi-channel information transmission. On this basis, a sum-capacity maximization problem is formulated under communication capacity and harvested energy threshold constraints by transforming harvested energy into achievable uplink information capacity. The optimization problem is decomposed into two subproblems. A closed-form expression for the optimal PS factor is derived, and the optimal power allocation is obtained using the subgradient method. In future work, the MA technique will be integrated into the proposed OAM-based wireless-powered NOMA system to further optimize sum-capacity performance based on the three-dimensional spatial configuration and adjustable array angle.
- Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) /
- Wireless-powered /
- NOMA /
- Capacity

HTML全文

图 1 基于OAM的无线供能NOMA通信系统模型

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图 2 系统模型在 yz平面上的投影和 xz平面上的投影

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图 3 不同OAM模态下ID的总容量与最大发射功率的关系

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图 4 ID的总容量与PS因子的关系

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图 5 系统总容量与收集能量阈值的关系

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图 6 系统总容量与通信容量阈值的关系

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表 1 符号表示

符号	表示
${\ell _k}$, $ {{\boldsymbol{H}}_k} $, ${\beta _k}$	OAM模态，发射UCA和接收UCA之间信道矩阵， PS因子
${n_k}$, ${m_k}$	发射天线单元，接收天线单元
$ {D_k} $, $ {d_k} $	发射UCA的半径，接收UCA的半径
$ {\omega _{k, x}} $, $ {\omega _{k, y}} $	接收UCA绕x轴的旋转角度，接收UCA绕y轴的旋转角度
$ {{\boldsymbol{\varTheta}} _x}(\omega ) $,	围绕x轴的旋转矩阵，围绕y轴的旋转矩阵
$ {{\boldsymbol{\varTheta}} _y}(\omega ) $	发射UCA的初始方位角，接收UCA的初始方位角
${\theta _k}$, ${\phi _k}$	信息传输容量，所有ID信息传输容量的总和
$ {R_k} $, $ R $	收集到的能量，所有ID的总收集能量
$ {E_k} $, E	功率分配矩阵，同心UCA的发射信号向量，高斯白噪声
${\boldsymbol{P}}$, ${\boldsymbol{s}}$, $ {{\boldsymbol{n}}} $	载波波长，由于天线方向图、相位旋转等因素引起的增益衰减，
$\lambda $, $ \tau $, ${{\boldsymbol{W}}_{{\text{OAM}}}}$	OAM调制矩阵

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