A Waveform Design for Integrated Radar and Jamming Based on Intra-Pulse and Inter-Pulse Multiple-Phase Modulation
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摘要: 一体化雷达干扰系统的核心在于一体化干扰波形设计。现有雷达干扰一体化信号存在设计自由度局限，其探测与干扰的综合性能尚未达最优。该文提出基于脉内-脉间多相调制的雷达干扰一体化波形：探测方面，通过回波信号的相位补偿与互补合成技术生成线性调频(LFM)信号，使该波形具备理想探测性能；干扰方面，借助脉内-脉间多参数调制机制，可显著提升对敌方探测结果中距离-多普勒图干扰能量分布的调控自由度。仿真分析与实验结果证实，该波形在探测-干扰综合性能方面具有显著优势。Abstract:
Objective The key to the integrated radar jamming system lies in the design of the integrated jamming waveforms. Existing integrated radar and jamming signals have low design freedom, and there is room for optimization in their overall performance in detection and jamming. We propose an integrated radar and jamming waveform based on intra-pulse and inter-pulse multiple-phase modulation. In terms of detection, phase compensation and complementary synthesis of echo signals can be employed to generate linear frequency modulation (LFM) signals, thus the proposed integrated waveform can achieve ideal detection performance. In terms of jamming, the proposed integrated waveform significantly enhances the flexibility of controlling the energy distribution of jamming in the range-Doppler map of the adversary's detection results through multiple-parameter modulation both within and between pulses. Simulation analysis and experimental results have confirmed that this waveform exhibits significant advantages in terms of overall performance in detection and jamming. Methods This paper presents a novel integrated waveform that adopts both intra-pulse and inter-pulse multi-phase modulation. By strategically introducing well-designed phase perturbations between pulses, the proposed method effectively prevents the jamming energy from being overly concentrated at zero Doppler, thereby enabling more precise control over the Doppler distribution of the jamming energy. Additionally, during echo processing, phase compensation techniques are employed to eliminate the introduced inter-pulse phase perturbations, facilitating the reconstruction of a complete LFM signal through inter-pulse complementarity and ensuring robust detection performance. Compared with earlier integrated waveforms, our approach incorporates binary phase-coded sequences within each pulse along with additional inter-pulse phase modulation. This integration yields a waveform characterized by multiple adjustable parameters and higher degrees of freedom, which not only achieves low-sidelobe detection performance similar to that of LFM signals but also offers enhanced flexibility in managing the Doppler distribution of jamming energy. Results and Discussions The comprehensive performance of the proposed integrated waveform has been validated through simulations and practical experiments. In terms of detection, this waveform achieves a signal-to-clutter-noise ratio of 63.46 dB for moving target detection, representing a 25.25 dB improvement over traditional integrated waveforms while narrowing the gap with LFM (67.03 dB) to merely 3.57 dB. This demonstrates that the phase compensation and waveform complementarity mechanisms significantly enhance target detection capabilities. Regarding jamming performance, adjusting the range of random phase perturbations between pulses effectively manipulates jamming energy distribution: when phase perturbation range is zero degrees, jamming energy concentrates in the zero-Doppler main lobe with limited target masking effectiveness; expanding the phase range to $ \pm 90$ degrees visibly flattens the spectrum, nearly concealing the target; further extending the phase perturbation range to $ \pm 180$ degrees completely eliminates the zero-frequency main peak, enabling uniform diffusion of jamming energy across the Doppler domain, thus expanding phase modulation freedom breaks through conventional limitations. The proposed design not only maintains detection performance approaching optimal signals but also achieves flexible jamming energy control through phase modulation freedom, delivering a versatile solution for radar-jamming integrated systems that combines efficient detection with adaptive jamming capabilities. Conclusions This paper is based on an already proposed integrated radar and jamming waveform. The primary focus of this paper is to analyze and address the issue of uneven jamming energy distribution in the unoptimized waveform. By modulating between pulses with a random phase sequence, we propose an integrated radar and jamming waveform based on intra-pulse and inter-pulse multiple-phase modulation. The detection performance of the proposed integrated waveform is comparable to that of LFM signals and it can flexibly adjust jamming effects through multiple parameters, making it a waveform template with high design freedom. Theoretical analysis indicates that relying solely on intra-pulse modulation is not sufficiently flexible. By adding random phases with different distribution ranges between pulses on the basis of intra-pulse modulation, the distribution of jamming energy can be adjusted more flexibly. Simulation analysis shows that the detection performance of the proposed waveform is similar to that of LFM signals. As the distribution range of the inter-pulse random phases increases, the degree of diffusion of the jamming energy also gradually increases. Therefore, by adjusting the distribution range of the inter-pulse modulation phases, the distribution of jamming energy can be flexibly regulated, allowing the integrated waveform to achieve greater degrees of freedom. Experimental results demonstrate the proposed waveform exhibits good overall performance in detection and jamming. The waveform proposed in this paper still has certain limitations in terms of application scenarios and practicality, which will be the primary focus of our future research. -
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