SG-DDPG low intercept point beam design for FDA-MIMO short-range detector

JIA Jinwei; GAO Min; HAN Zhuangzhi; LIU Limin; YIN Yuanwei

doi:10.11999/JEIT260010

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JIA Jinwei, GAO Min, HAN Zhuangzhi, LIU Limin, YIN Yuanwei. SG-DDPG low intercept point beam design for FDA-MIMO short-range detector[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology. doi: 10.11999/JEIT260010

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JIA Jinwei, GAO Min, HAN Zhuangzhi, LIU Limin, YIN Yuanwei. SG-DDPG low intercept point beam design for FDA-MIMO short-range detector[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology. doi: 10.11999/JEIT260010

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SG-DDPG low intercept point beam design for FDA-MIMO short-range detector

doi: 10.11999/JEIT260010 cstr: 32379.14.JEIT260010

Shijiazhuang Campus, Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang 050003, China

Accepted Date: 2026-04-17
Rev Recd Date: 2026-04-17

Available Online: 2026-05-05

Abstract

Abstract

Objective Radio short-range detector is the most widely used short-range detector with the largest number of equipment in both domestic and international fields. However, in modern battlefields, the electromagnetic environment is becoming increasingly complex, and radio short-range detectors have to deal with various electromagnetic interferences. Especially, the fourth-generation jammer that implements the forwarding deception interference based on Digital Radio Frequency Memory (DRFM) is highly likely to cause failure situations such as premature detonation in radio proximity detectors. This significantly reduces the damage control capability of the radio short-range detector. Therefore, it is urgent to conduct research on the important issue of anti-forwarding deception interference for short-range detectors. Among them, improving the low interception capability of the radio detector can effectively resist the repeater deception jamming. Methods In this paper, the frequency diverse array (FDA) -multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology is employed, and key factors influencing beam convergence are determined. Aiming at the design of spatial low-interception beam of short-range detector, the performance evaluation model of beam spatial low-interception is constructed. And then the FDA-MIMO low intercept point beam design technology based on Stage Guidance-Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (SG-DDPG) algorithm is proposed. In the SG-DDPG algorithm, a multi-dimensional phased guidance reward function is designed. Through the Actor-Critic model, the gradient rise method is used to maximize the reward value, therefore the frequency offset of the array element with better beam convergence performance in the current environment is obtained. Meanwhile, the SG-DDPG algorithm applies to LPI point beam design across various radio detector fall angles, overcoming the technical bottleneck that the formula method for the array element frequency offset only applies when the radio detector’s fall angle is close to vertical. Results and Discussions The simulation shows that with the array element frequency offset optimized by the SG-DDPG algorithm, the FDA-MIMO beam exhibits a half-power beam width of 1 m in the distance dimension and 9.9° in the angular dimension. The beam convergence and LPI performance with the proposed method are significantly better than other classical frequency offset calculation methods. Thus, the proposed algorithm represents a new method for array element frequency offset optimization and LPI point beam design, effectively improving the radio detector’s LPI performance. Conclusions This paper presents an FDA-MIMO LPI point beam design method based on the SG-DDPG algorithm, with the array element frequency offset as the optimization objective. The simulation results show that: (1) The proposed method breaks through the limitation that the radio detector fall angle must be close to vertical when calculating the array element frequency offset by the formula method. The algorithm can be applied to the design of LPI beams under various radio detector fall angles, where it achieves improved LPI performance; (2) The half-beam width with the proposed method is only 1 m in the range dimension and 9.9° in the angle dimension, which is significantly better than the traditional methods. Under different fall angles, the interception area of the beam formed with the proposed method is the smallest, demonstrating the best LPI performance.
- Radio detector,
- Low probability of intercept,
- Point beam design,
- FDA-MIMO,
- SG-DDPG reinforcement learning

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